In this review, we present the voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) method. The possibility
offered for in vivo (and in vitro) brain imaging is unprecedented in terms of spatial and …

There are three kinds of membrane potentials: the surface potentials, resulting from the
accumulation of charges at the membrane surfaces; the transmembrane potential …

The use of retrograde axonal transport of various substances (for example, enzymes, lectins,
synthetic fluorescent compounds) has yielded much information on the organization of …

Conventional imaging techniques have provided high-resolution imaging either in the
spatial domain or in the temporal domain. Optical imaging utilizing voltage-sensitive dyes …

We report the first imaging of the spatial distributions of transmembrane potential changes
induced in nonexcitable cells by applied external electric fields. These changes are …

A number of new imaging techniques are available to scientists to visualize the functioning
brain directly, revealing unprecedented details. These imaging techniques have provided a …

The fast potentiometric indicator di-4-ANEPPS is examined in four different preparations:
lipid vesicles, red blood cells, squid giant axon, and guinea pig heart. The dye gives …

To improve the quality of fluorescent voltage-sensitive probes twenty new styryl dyes were
synthesized. Some of the new probes are significantly better than any used in the past. A …

Sustained reentrant excitation may be initiated in small (20 x 20 x less than 0.6 mm)
preparations of normal ventricular muscle. A single appropriately timed premature electrical …

Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
06032 Received February 8, 1989; Revised Manuscript Received March 23, 1989 abstract …