Once a biorefinery is ready to operate, the main processed materials need to be completely
evaluated in terms of many different factors, including disposal regulations, technological …

The development of solid acid catalysts, especially based on metal oxides and different
magnetic nanoparticles, gained much awareness recently as a result of the development of …

Transportation and power generation have historically relied upon Internal Combustion
Engines (ICEs). However, because of environmental impact and inefficiency, considerable …

Biodiesel is an alternative source of fuel for various automotive applications. Because of the
increasing demand for energy and the scarcity of fossil fuels, researchers have turned their …

Green chemistry provides a broad range of possibilities for researchers to design products
and processes that minimise or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances …

Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by …

Lipases are biocatalysts with a significant potential to enable a shift from current pollutant
manufacturing processes to environmentally sustainable approaches. The main reason of …

The palm oil industry has been positively grown, becoming the largest crop-based sector in
Malaysia covering 33.7% of total palm oil exports to the world. The parametric study of the oil …

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were produced by transesterification of vegetable oil
triglycerides, using a cheap, available, and strongly basic catalyst: NaAlO2 (sodium …

Isomerization of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs) by catalytic conversion through
zeolites is of great interest in cosmetics and biofuel production. This conversion pathway has …