Over the course of 400 years, numerous speakers of Germanic languages have immigrated
to North America. The primary purposes of these immigrations were to avoid political and …

Finite verb placement in German (ic) contact languages has received heightened attention
in recent years. In particular, the occurrence of main clauses with two preverbal constituents …

This study presents results of two experiments using supervised machine-learning models to
examine individual Finnish speakers' dialectal backgrounds. Data come from interviews …

This chapter examines social and economic changes in the NorwegianAmerican town of
Ulen, Minnesota, changes of the like we argue throughout this book contributed to the shift to …

What is most remarkable about the language output of late-stage speakers, especially those
whose language is moribund, is their frequent ability to generate unique structures that are …

Large-scale German immigration to Wisconsin began in the first half of the 19th century and
continued until about World War I. These immigrants built German-speaking institutions …

Research regarding modern Wisconsin Heritage German shows a mixture of regional
features unexpected in any one speaker or region of modern German-speaking Europe …

This article builds on previous scholarship correlating the division of labor with language
shift from the heritage language (HL) to English, in the American context. In this analysis of …

Comparing advertisements published in both the English and German versions of the
Eureka Post, a newspaper from Eureka, South Dakota, this study explores one avenue of …

The book has two primary goals. The first is to provide a descriptive overview of heritage
language (HL) grammars, and in doing so, to identify cross-linguistic tendencies of HLs as …