Abstract Background and Aims This review aims to summarize current and emerging
therapies for treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED), in the light of novel understanding of …

Purpose: To review and summarize the clinical findings in thyroid eye disease (TED) related
to the unique anatomical structures of the eyelids and orbit. Methods: A PubMed search was …

Purpose This study was conducted to determine the demographics, clinical features,
severity, and activity of thyroid eye disease (TED) in patients of a referral center in the north …

Purpose: Graves lower eyelid retraction (GLLR) is a common and controversial sign of
Graves orbitopathy. The authors reviewed the mechanisms and surgical techniques …

A facial nerve palsy can be devastating for patients from both a functional and cosmetic
perspective. Although seismic shifts in treatment of the periocular subunit have not occurred …

Purpose: To investigate the outcome of a customized approach with targeted zygomatic
basin bone removal orbital decompression in lower eyelid retraction and contour of patients …

Purpose Despite the high prevalence, treatment challenges, and significant impact of eyelid
retraction on vision and quality of life among patients with thyroid eye disease, the effects of …

There is a high incidence of ocular surface disease (OSD) in thyroid-associated orbitopathy
(TAO) patients as a result of incomplete eyelid closure and chronic inflammatory eyelid …

Aim The purpose of this study is to share our experience on the use of different orbital
decompression techniques, as well as the principles followed for deciding the most case …

Purpose To evaluate the changes in eyelid parameters after the endonasal approach
compared with transcaruncular medial wall decompression combined with the …