We review the phenomenology and theory of bulk observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion
collisions, focusing on recent developments involving event-by-event fluctuations in the …

When nuclear matter is heated beyond 2 trillion degrees, it becomes a strongly coupled
plasma of quarks and gluons. Experiments using highly energetic collisions between heavy …

Heavy ion collision experiments recreating the quark-gluon plasma that filled the nascent
universe have established that it is a nearly perfect liquid that flows with such minimal …

We analyze the proton-lead collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider energy of s NN=
5.02 TeV in the three-stage approach, previously used to successfully describe the …

We investigate how the initial geometry of a heavy-ion collision is transformed into final flow
observables by solving event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics with realistic fluctuating initial …

It is shown that a simultaneous comparison of both elliptic and triangular flow from (2+ 1)-
dimensional viscous fluid dynamics with recent measurements in Pb+ Pb collisions at the …

We argue that relativistic hydrodynamics is able to make robust predictions for soft particle
production in Xe+ Xe collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The change of …

We argue that the traditional event-plane method, which is still widely used to analyze
anisotropic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, should be abandoned because flow …

Higher harmonics of anisotropic flow (vn with n≥ 4) in heavy-ion collisions can be
measured either with respect to their own plane, or with respect to a plane constructed using …

The recently measured correlations between the flow angles associated with higher
harmonics in the anisotropic flow generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are shown to …