Defense against stress and active suppression of growth are two complementary strategies
by which plants respond to adverse environments. Although beneficial for plant survival …

In the growth condition (s) of plants, numerous secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced
by them to serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes, and …

Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the
growth and development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, abiotic factors, eg …

Drought and heat are major abiotic stresses that reduce crop productivity and weaken global
food security, especially given the current and growing impacts of climate change and …

Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of abiotic stress
combinations that negatively impact plants and pose a serious threat to crop yield and food …

Heavy metals (HMs) are affected by natural and human activities and contaminate the soil
environment, endanger plant growth and pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. HMs …

The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as
well as crop productivity. This situation has been further worsened by anthropogenic …

Climate change is a critical yield–limiting factor that has threatened the entire global crop
production system in the present scenario. The use of biostimulants in agriculture has shown …

Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of
the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization …

Tithonia diversifolia is an invasive weed commonly found in tropical ecosystems. In this
work, we investigate the influence of different abiotic environmental factors on the plant's …