A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

Galaxies and their dark-matter haloes have posed several challenges to the dark energy
plus cold dark matter (Λ CDM) cosmological model. These discrepancies between …

Gravitational potential fluctuations driven by bursty star formation can kinematically 'heat
up'dark matter at the centres of dwarf galaxies. A key prediction of such models is that, at a …

The density profiles of dwarf galaxies are a highly varied set. If the dark matter is an ultra-
light particle such as axions, then simulations predict a distinctive and unique profile. If the …

The core–cusp problem is one of the controversial issues in the standard paradigm of Λ cold
dark matter (ΛCDM) theory. However, under the assumption of conventional spherical …

We use a new mass modelling method, GravSphere, to measure the central dark matter
density profile of the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Draco's star formation shut down long …

We examine the formation of dark matter (DM) cores in dwarf galaxies simulated with the
eagle model of galaxy formation. As in earlier work, we find that the star formation (SF) gas …

The cold dark-matter model successfully explains both the emergence and evolution of
cosmic structures on large scales and, when we include a cosmological constant, the …

We study the origins of 122 ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Romulus c zoom-in
cosmological simulation of a galaxy cluster (M 200= 1.15× 1014 M⊙), one of the only such …

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are excellent systems to probe the nature of fermionic dark matter
due to their high observed dark matter phase-space density. In this work, we review, revise …