Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are contagious pathogens responsible for severe respiratory
infection in humans and animals worldwide. Upon detection of IAV infection, host immune …

Influenza, a highly contagious respiratory tract infection, affects millions of adults and
children each year. Several high-risk populations include children, the elderly, the …

The pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 reflects an inefficient immune reaction to SARS-CoV-
2. Here we analyze, at the single cell level, plasmablasts egressed into the blood to study …

Resident memory B (BRM) cells develop and persist in the lungs of influenza-infected mice
and humans; however, their contribution to recall responses has not been defined. Here, we …

We comprehensively review memory B cells (MBCs), covering the definition of MBCs and
their identities and subsets, how MBCs are generated, where they are localized, how they …

Gas-exchange structures are critical for acquiring oxygen, but they also represent portals for
pathogen entry. Local mucosal immunoglobulin responses against pathogens in specialized …

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an exceptional mucosal pathogen. It specializes in
infection of the ciliated respiratory epithelium, causing disease of variable severity with little …

Immunization with the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) remains the most effective strategy
to combat seasonal influenza infections. IIV activates B cells and T follicular helper (TFH) …

Influenza is a major cause of respiratory disease leading to hospitalization in young
children. However, seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) have been shown to be …

The influenza A virus infection continues to be a threat to the human population. The
seasonal variation of the virus and the likelihood of periodical pandemics caused by …