Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration that
results in visual field loss and irreversible blindness. A crucial element in the …

Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly …

Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of
retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology …

Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration,
is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Although glaucoma is often …

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye and it is one of the leading causes of
blindness. Glaucoma is characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells …

In the first part, the following mechanisms involved in different forms of cell death are
considered, with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets: tumour necrosis factor …

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
kinase kinase of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways. ASK1 is …

The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative
diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although understanding of the …

Photoreceptors and other cells of the retina consume large quantities of energy to efficiently
convert light information into a neuronal signal understandable by the brain. The necessary …