This paper reviews measurement techniques and corresponding devices used to determine
the physical properties of the seasonal snowpack from distances close to the ground …

The Earth surface thermal infrared (TIR) radiation shows conspicuously an anisotropic
behavior just like the bi-directional reflectance of visible and near infrared spectral domains …

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important parameter for many scientific disciplines
since it affects the interaction between the land and the atmosphere. Many LST retrieval …

Proposes a generalized split-window method for retrieving land-surface temperature (LST)
from AVHRR and MODIS data. Accurate radiative transfer simulations show that the …

Classification-based global emissivity is needed for the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (NASA …

To provide a background for ARM's activities at the North Slope of Alaska/Adjacent Arctic
Ocean sites, an overview is given of our current state of knowledge of Arctic cloud and …

We describe and validate a model that retrieves fractional snow-covered area and the grain
size and albedo of that snow from surface reflectance data (product MOD09GA) acquired by …

This book is a comprehensive survey of the climatology and meteorology of Antarctica. The
first section of the book reviews the methods by which we can observe the Antarctic …

A detailed evaluation of surface climate and energy exchange at the snow surface in a small
alpine watershed, typical of much of the southern Sierra Nevada, is presented for the 1986 …

The interactions of electromagnetic radiation with ice, and with ice-containing media such as
snow and clouds, are determined by the refractive index and absorption coefficient (the …