A few decades ago, we knew next to nothing about the behavior of our closest animal
relative, the chimpanzee, but long-term field studies have since revealed an undreamed-of …

Human culture is unique among animals in its complexity, variability, and cumulative quality.
This article describes the development and diversity of cumulative cultural learning. Children …

How can the stunning diversity of social systems and behaviours seen in nature be
explained? Drawing on social evolution theory, experimental evidence and studies …

While empathy is a century‐old psychological concept, its study in non‐human animals has
become the focus of much recent scientific interest, as it promises to provide the clues to …

An important debate centres around the nature of prosociality in nonhuman primates.
Chimpanzees help other individuals in some experimental settings, yet they do not readily …

Highlights•Cognitive research run in zoos is topically representative of the field
generally.•Most zoo research is with primates, but there is little work with other species.•Zoos …

Young children engage in direct reciprocity, but the mechanisms underlying such reciprocity
remain unclear. In particular, prior work leaves unclear whether children's reciprocity is …

Humans are strategic cooperators; we make decisions on the basis of costs and benefits to
maintain high levels of cooperation, and this is thought to have played a key role in human …

Animals often display prosocial behaviors, performing actions that benefit others. Although
prosociality is essential for social bonding and cooperation, we still know little about how …

The origins of evolutionary games are rooted in both economics and animal behaviour, but
economics has, until recently, focused primarily on humans. Although historically, specific …