Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone
morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic …

Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase of the Rho family involved in
regulating multiple signal transduction pathways that influence a diverse range of cellular …

RhoA GTPase plays a variety of functions in regulation of cytoskeletal proteins, cellular
morphology, and migration along with various proliferation and transcriptional activity in …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

This article focuses on the role of Rho family GTPases, particularly Rac1 and Rac1b in TGF‐
β‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and EMT‐associated responses such …

Since Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming the prevalent dementia in the whole world,
more underlying mechanisms are emerging. Long time has the transcription factor NF-κB …

It is well accepted that cancers co-opt the microenvironment for their growth. However, the
molecular mechanisms that underlie cancer–microenvironment interactions are still poorly …

TNF-α is a central proinflammatory cytokine contributing to malignant tumor progression in
tumor microenvironment. In this study, we found the upregulation of miR-105 in colorectal …

Fibrosis is presented in various physiologic and pathologic conditions of the salivary gland.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of …

The Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is the founding member of Rho GTPase
superfamily originally studied in cancer cells where it was found to stimulate cell cycle …