Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) with< 2.5 μm in diameter, is a major
public health concern. Studies have consistently linked PM 2.5 exposure to a heightened …

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) is a significant contributor to air pollution. PM 2.5
exposure poses a substantial hazard to public health. In recent years, the adverse effects of …

(1) Background: The increase in cardiovascular risk related to air pollution has been a
matter of interest in recent years. The role of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2. 5) has been …

Growing evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for
cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, few studies have investigated air pollution …

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) has attracted considerable attention due to its
crucial role in the rising global disease burden. Evidence of health risks associated with …

Coal generates almost 40% of the world's electricity with 80 countries throughout the world
using coal power. An inherent part of this generation is the rail transport of coal in uncovered …

Many recent articles in public health risk assessment have stated that causal conclusions
drawn from observational data must rely on inherently untestable assumptions. They claim …

Growing evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for
cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, few studies have investigated air pollution …

Climate change and air pollution are major challenges facing the world today. Cold waves
and air pollution significantly impact ischemic heart disease (IHD), but the extent of these …

Exposure-response associations between fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) and mortality have
been extensively studied but potential confounding by daily minimum and maximum …