Background Most meta-analyses include data from one or more small studies that,
individually, do not have power to detect an intervention effect. The relative influence of …

Background Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common complication of diabetic
retinopathy. Although grid or focal laser photocoagulation has been shown to reduce the risk …

Background Thresholds for statistical significance when assessing meta-analysis results are
being insufficiently demonstrated by traditional 95% confidence intervals and P-values …

Abstract Background The DerSimonian and Laird approach (DL) is widely used for random
effects meta-analysis, but this often results in inappropriate type I error rates. The method …

Objectives Between-study heterogeneity plays an important role in random-effects models
for meta-analysis. Most clinical trials are small, and small trials are often associated with …

Background and Aims Flexible endoscopic septum division (FESD) is a rapidly evolving
technique for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum (ZD). The aim was to perform a …

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend mild induced hypothermia (MIH) to reduce mortality
and neurological impairment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Our objective was to …

Background A macular hole is an anatomic opening in the retina that develops at the fovea.
Macular holes can be seen in highly myopic eyes or following ocular trauma, but the great …

Background Beneficial effects of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) against recurrent colorectal adenomas have been documented in …

Publication bias and related types of small‐study effects threaten the validity of systematic
reviews. The existence of small‐study effects has been demonstrated in empirical studies …