Cervical dstonia (CD) is a chronic disorder with a significant detrimental impact on quality of
life, requiring long-term treatment. Intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) …

Like all proteins foreign to the human body, also botulinum toxin (BT) is antigenic and may
stimulate an immune response with formation of antibodies (BT-AB). Affected patients may …

Abstract Botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) is the first-line treatment for idiopathic cervical dystonia
(ICD) and is widely used in the clinical setting. To date, scanty data are available on the …

Objectives This is a case series and a review of the literature of therapeutic outcomes of
botulinum toxin (BT) injections for anterocollis. Methods Data collected included gender …

Background: Repetitive intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A)
are the treatment of choice in patients with cervical dystonia (CD). As soon as BoNT therapy …

Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of focal dystonia with Botulinum neurotoxin
(BoNT) being a frequent method of treatment. Dysphagia is a common side effect of BoNT …

BACKGROUND: The first-line treatment for cervical dystonia (CD) consists of repeated
intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin (BoNT). However, the efficacy in some patients …