Since its first formulation almost 50 years ago, acid growth has had a chequered past
complicated by utilization of diverse species and organs for testing alongside necessary but …

The colonization of the atmosphere by land plants was a major evolutionary step. The
mechanisms that allow for vertical growth through air and the establishment and control of a …

Standard animal behavior paradigms incompletely mimic nature and thus limit our
understanding of behavior and brain function. Virtual reality (VR) can help, but it poses …

To survive, cells must constantly resist mechanical stress. In plants, this involves the
reinforcement of cell walls, notably through microtubule-dependent cellulose deposition …

Mechanical forces have emerged as coordinating signals for most cell functions. Yet,
because forces are invisible, mapping tensile stress patterns in tissues remains a major …

At early stages of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) flowering, the inflorescence stem
undergoes rapid growth, with elongation occurring predominantly in the apical∼ 4 cm of the …

As roots grow through the soil to forage for water and nutrients, they encounter mechanical
obstacles such as patches of dense soil and stones that locally impede root growth. Here …

The detection of gravity plays a fundamental role during the growth and evolution of plants.
Although progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular, cellular and …

Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) modify homogalacturonan's chemistry and play a key role in
regulating primary cell wall mechanical properties. Here, we report on Arabidopsis AtPME2 …

To deal with the ever‐changing environment, sessile plants adapt diverse and plastic organ
structures during postembryonic development. Among these, the apical hook forms shortly …