Glycine has important neurotransmitter functions at inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the
vertebrate central nervous system. The effective synaptic concentrations of glycine are …

In addition to photoreceptors and neurons, glial cells (in particular Müller cells) contribute to
the removal and metabolization of neurotransmitters in the neural retina. This review …

There are few neurochemical markers that reliably identify retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),
which are a heterogeneous population of cells that integrate and transmit the visual signal …

d-serine has been proposed as an endogenous modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)
receptors in many brain regions, but its presence and function in the vertebrate retina have …

Müller glial cells ensheath all retinal neurons in vertebrate retinae. There are a multitude of
functional interactions between neurons and Müller cells, including delivery of the light …

Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (EAAT5) is a retina-specific glutamate transporter which
has an associated chloride conductance. Thus it is comparable in its functional properties to …

Glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the
retina. Approximately half of the amacrine cells release glycine at their synapses with …

Most regions of the CNS contain many subtypes of inhibitory interneurons with specialized
roles in circuit function. In the mammalian retina, the∼ 30 subtypes of inhibitory interneurons …

Purpose.: Converting inner retinal neurons to photosensitive cells by expressing
channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) offers a novel approach for treating blindness caused by retinal …

NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) constitute one of the main glutamate (Glu)
targets in the central nervous system and are involved in synaptic plasticity, which is the …