Research in microgravity is indispensable to disclose the impact of gravity on biological
processes and organisms. However, research in the near-Earth orbit is severely constrained …

Life on Earth has evolved under the influence of gravity. This force has played an important
role in shaping development and morphology from the molecular level to the whole …

Crowdfunding involves raising small amounts of money from a large number of people,
typically via the Internet and social networks, to fund a project. Crowdfunding projects are …

The first experiments using machines and instruments to manipulate gravity and thus learn
about its impact to this force onto living systems were performed by Sir Thomas Andrew …

Abstract A Random Positioning Machine (RPM) is a laboratory instrument to provide
continuous random change in orientation relative to the gravity vector of an accommodated …

Root tropisms are important responses of plants, allowing them to adapt their growth
direction. Research on plant tropisms is indispensable for future space programs that …

Gravitropism is directed growth of a plant or plant organ in response to gravity and can be
divided into the following temporal sequence: perception, transduction, and response. This …

A large body of evidence indicates that single cells in vitro respond to changes in gravity,
and that this response might play an important role for physiological changes at the …

The endothelial cells (ECs), which line the inner surface of vessels, play a fundamental role
in maintaining vascular integrity and tissue homeostasis, since they regulate local blood flow …

Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were sent to space and germinated in orbit. Seedlings grew
for 4d and were then fixed in-flight with paraformaldehyde. The experiment was replicated …