Microorganisms (bacteria, archaea and fungi), in addition to lichens and insect pests, cause
problems in the conservation of cultural heritage because of their biodeteriorative potential …

Fungi play a considerable role for the deterioration of cultural heritage. Due to their
enormous enzymatic activity and their ability to grow at low aw values fungi are able to …

Petra, Angkor, Copan, Venice, Lascaux, Easter Island—all are examples of irreplaceable
cultural heritage built in stone and now slowly disappearing. In 1996 the Getty Conservation …

Cultural heritage monuments may be discolored and degraded by growth and activity of
living organisms. Microorganisms form biofilms on surfaces of stone, with resulting aesthetic …

Bacterial biofilm formation is the prevailing microbial lifestyle in natural and manmade
environments and occurs on all surface types. Biofilm formation develops in several phases …

We provide a review of fungi, yeasts, and slime molds that have been found in natural
solution caves and mines worldwide. Such habitats provide frequent roost sites for bats, and …

It is generally assumed that stone is one of the most durable materials because it is
compared to weaker building materials, such as wood or mud. But stone can deteriorate and …

Since ancient time, magnificence and beauty have been the goals of architecture. Artists and
architects used high strength, durable and beautiful stones like marble and limestone for the …

Hyphomycetous fungi–so called 'mould'–are the most important agents of biodeterioration in
museums, museums' storage rooms, in libraries, collections and restoration studios. Fungi …

This publication brings together wide-ranging scientific contributions from the field of plant
biology relating to the conservation of cultural heritage and offers fundamental knowledge …