Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an indelible mark in the field of cancer
immunotherapy. Starting with the approval of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein …

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies represent a paradigm shift in the treatment of
human cancers; however, it remains incompletely understood how tumor-reactive T cells …

Anti-PD-1 treatment has shown unprecedented clinical success in the treatment of non-small-
cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood …

CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

The adoptive transfer of T cells that are engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors
(CARs) has shown remarkable success in treating B cell malignancies but only limited …

CD8+ T cell-mediated cancer clearance is often suppressed by the interaction between
inhibitory molecules like PD-1 and PD-L1, an interaction acts like brakes to prevent T cell …

Cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied by promising results over the past few
years. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) plays a vital role in inhibiting immune …

The T cell infiltrates that are formed in human cancers are a modifier of natural disease
progression and also determine the probability of clinical response to cancer …

Sex bias exists in the development and progression of nonreproductive organ cancers, but
the underlying mechanisms are enigmatic. Studies so far have focused largely on sexual …