The basal ganglia are a chain of subcortical nuclei that facilitate action selection. Two striatal
projection systems—so-called direct and indirect pathways—form the functional backbone of …

The basal ganglia have been shown to contribute to habit and stimulus–response (S–R)
learning. These forms of learning have the property of slow acquisition and, in humans, can …

In order to model neuronal behavior or to interpret the results of modeling studies,
neuroscientists must call upon methods of nonlinear dynamics. This book offers an …

The frontal cortex and the basal ganglia interact via a relatively well understood and
elaborate system of interconnections. In the context of motor function, these interconnections …

The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei involved in a variety of processes
including motor, cognitive and mnemonic functions. One of their major roles is to integrate …

Humans and other animals demonstrate the ability to perceive and respond to temporally
relevant information with characteristic behavioral properties. For example, the response …

The neostriatum is the larges* component of the basal ganglia, and the main recipient of
afferents to the basal ganglia from the cerebral cortex and thalamus. Studies of the cellular …

Dopamine (DA) depletion in the basal ganglia (BG) of Parkinson's patients gives rise to both
frontal-like and implicit learning impairments. Dopaminergic medication alleviates some …

The basal ganglia occupy the core of the forebrain and consist of evolutionarily conserved
motor nuclei that form recurrent circuits critical for motivation and motor planning. The …

The ventral striatum, which prominently includes the nucleus accumbens (Acb), is a
heterogeneous area. Within the Acb of rats, a peripherally located shell and a centrally …