Since the discovery of L-dopa in the middle of the 20th century (1960s), there is not any
neuroprotective therapy available although significant development has been made in the …

In Parkinson disease (PD), affected midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons lose specific
dopaminergic properties before the neurons die. How the phenotype of DA neurons is …

Transcription factors involved in the specification and differentiation of neurons often
continue to be expressed in the adult brain, but remarkably little is known about their late …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is the parent compound of a family of natural and synthetic
compounds, the retinoids. Retinoids regulate gene transcription in numerous cells and …

Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a major class of bioactive natural products. One of the
naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones is costunolide, which has been extensively …

Nurr1, a transcription factor belonging to the orphan nuclear receptor superfamily, is critical
in the development and maintenance of the dopaminergic system and as such it may have …

Nuclear receptors, also known as ligand-activated transcription factors, regulate gene
expression upon ligand signals and present as attractive therapeutic targets especially in …

Developing new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease requires cellular models.
Current models reproduce the two most salient changes found in the brains of patients with …

In mammals, the transcription factor Nurr1 is expressed early in development and continues
to be detectable throughout the organism's lifetime. Nurr1 is involved in the establishment …

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease exhibiting the fastest growth in
incidence in recent years. As with most neurodegenerative diseases, the pathophysiology is …