Fruit size at harvest is an economically important variable for high-quality table fruit
production in orchards and vineyards. In addition, knowing the number and size of the fruit …

Plant physiological status is the interaction between the plant genome and the prevailing
growth conditions. Accurate characterization of plant physiology is, therefore, fundamental to …

Detecting and estimating size of apples during the early stages of growth is crucial for
predicting yield, pest management, and making informed decisions related to crop-load …

In applied ecophysiological studies related to global warming and water scarcity, the water
status of fruit is of increasing importance in the context of fresh food production. In the …

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a climacteric fruit exhibiting the ripening pattern with
change in colour from green to red. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived …

Leaf chlorophyll content is a major indicator of plant health and productivity. Optical remote
sensing estimation of chlorophyll limits its retrievals to two-dimensional (2D) estimates, not …

Precise photogrammetric mapping of preharvest conditions in an apple orchard can help
determine the exact position and volume of single apple fruits. This can help estimate …

Spectral imaging is a technique used to capture and analyze the spectrum of light reflected,
transmitted or emitted by an object. The technology combines imaging and spectroscopy in …

Estimating an individual tree's total leaf area (TLA) can provide essential data for precise
tree management. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can quickly and accurately obtain a …

Fruit parameter estimation is beneficial to intelligent management of orchards. This study
proposed a compound method to estimate the fruit ripeness, number and size based on …