Iron formations (IF) represent an iron-rich rock type that typifies many Archaean and
Proterozoic supracrustal successions and are chemical archives of Precambrian seawater …

Hydrothermal systems, where geothermally heated water discharges through a planet's
crust, occur on land or underwater. Hydrothermal systems have been proposed as …

Abstract The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has been traversing strata at the base
of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) since September 2014. The Murray …

Abstract The Glen Torridon (GT) region in Gale crater, Mars is a region with strong clay
mineral signatures inferred from orbital spectroscopy. The CheMin X‐ray diffraction (XRD) …

For the first four billion years of Earth's history, climate was marked by apparent stability and
warmth despite the Sun having lower luminosity. Proposed mechanisms for maintaining an …

Iron oxyhydroxide minerals, known to be chemically reactive and significant for elemental
cycling, are thought to have been abundant in early-Earth seawater, sediments, and …

Prebiotic systems chemistry suggests that high phosphate concentrations were necessary to
synthesise molecular building blocks and sustain primitive cellular systems. However …

Iron formations deposited in marine settings during the Precambrian represent large sinks of
iron and silica, and have been used to reconstruct environmental conditions at the time of …

The rise of atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event some 2.4 billion years ago
was a defining transition in the evolution of global biogeochemical cycles and life on Earth …

The existence of stabilizing feedbacks within Earth's climate system is generally thought to
be necessary for the persistence of liquid water and life. Over the course of Earth's history …