The full-length prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) is the principal antigen of COVID-
19 vaccines. Vaccine efficacy has been impacted by emerging variants of concern that …

Macrocycles are a promising class of compounds as therapeutics for difficult drug targets
due to a favorable combination of properties: They often exhibit improved binding affinity …

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that bind their cognate antigen in a pH-dependent
manner (acid-switched antibodies) can release their bound antigen for degradation in the …

Designing de novo enzymes is complex and challenging, especially to maintain the activity.
This research focused on motif design to identify the crucial domain in the enzyme and …

Most processes of life are the result of polyvalent interactions between macromolecules,
often of heterogeneous types and sizes. Frequently, the times associated with these …

d-Tagatose, a rare sugar endowed with a low-calorie property, superior taste quality, and
probiotic functionality, has garnered significant research attention. However, the prevailing …

A partition analysis based on segments is developed for density functional theory defining
solute dipole moments of functional groups, and the corresponding induced solvent dipoles …

The origin and evolution of protein folds are among the most challenging, long-standing
problems in biology 1, 2. Although many plausible scenarios of early protein evolution …

Influenza viruses evolve rapidly, driving seasonal epidemics and posing global pandemic
threats. While neuraminidase (NA) has emerged as a vaccine target, shared molecular …

The recognition of intracellular antigens by CD8+ T cells through T cell receptors (TCRs) is
central to adaptive immunity, enabling responses against infections and cancer. The recent …