Naltrexone and naloxone are classical opioid antagonists. In substantially lower than
standard doses, they exert different pharmacodynamics. Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) …

Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant
role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce …

Murine models suggest that opioids alter the gut microbiota, which may impact opioid
tolerance and psychopathology. We examined how gut microbiota characteristics related to …

Naltrexone, a non-selective antagonist of opioid receptors, is mainly used as rehabilitation
therapy for discharged opiate addicts to eliminate addiction in order to maintain a normal life …

Background Around 30% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are refractory to
current IBD drugs or relapse over time. Novel treatments are called for, and low dose …

Importance Dermatology is encountering increasing rates of autoimmune disease
manifesting in primary skin conditions that are difficult to treat without a risk of …

With the wide application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), their
gastrointestinal side effects are an urgent health burden. There are currently sound …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by striking dysregulation of
the immune system, with evidence of hyperinflammation, an impaired induction of …

Abstract Background and Aims Low-dose naltrexone [LDN] is a controversial off-label
treatment used by many Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. A small …

This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …