In recent years, learner models have emerged from the research laboratory and research
classrooms into the wider world. Learner models are now embedded in real world …

Early in 2005, Phil Harris, Executive Director of the Association of Educational
Communications and Technology, approached Mike Spector and asked if he would like to …

One distinctive feature of any adaptive system is the user model that represents essential
information about each user. This chapter complements other chapters of this book in …

This paper provides interested beginners with an updated and detailed introduction to the
field of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). ITSs are computer programs that use artificial …

Abstract The SMILI☺(Student Models that Invite the Learner In) Open Learner Model
Framework was created to provide a coherent picture of the many and diverse forms of Open …

This paper elaborates on the need for adaptive educational systems, describes an evidence-
based, four-process framework for analyzing adaptive educational systems, and reviews …

Learner modeling systems so far formulated model learning in three main ways: a learner's
“position” within a lattice of declarative and procedural knowledge about highly structured …

Bayesian networks are graphical modeling tools that have been proven very powerful in a
variety of application contexts. The purpose of this paper is to provide education …

This report describes the initial findings of several workshops convened in 2009 to consider
the future of education and in particular the role of technology and computer science in …

This paper describes research and development efforts related to adaptive technologies,
which can be combined with other technologies and processes to form an adaptive system …