We provide a nonspecialist overview of the current state of understanding of the structure
and origin of our Solar System's transneptunian region (often called the Kuiper Belt) …

Questions regarding how primordial or pristine the comets of the solar system are have been
an ongoing controversy. In this review, we describe comets' physical evolution from dust and …

The gas-phase CO abundance (relative to hydrogen) in protoplanetary disks decreases by
up to two orders of magnitude from its interstellar medium value of∼ 10− 4, even after …

The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to aerodynamically concentrate solids in
protoplanetary disks and trigger the formation of planetesimals. The SI produces strong …

INTRODUCTION On 1 January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft passed 3538 km from
Kuiper Belt object (KBO)(486958) Arrokoth. Arrokoth is a contact binary consisting of two …

The tumultuous early era of outer solar system evolution culminated when Neptune migrated
across the primordial Kuiper Belt (PKB) and triggered a dynamical instability among the …

INTRODUCTION The New Horizons spacecraft flew past (486958) Arrokoth (provisional
designation 2014 MU69) on 1 January 2019. Arrokoth is a member of the subclass of trans …

The cold main classical Kuiper Belt consists of the nonresonant small solar system bodies
with low orbital inclinations and orbital semimajor axes between 42.4 and 47.7 au. These …

In this work we combine several constraints provided by the crater records on Arrokoth and
the worlds of the Pluto system to compute the size-frequency distribution (SFD) of the crater …

Kuiper belt objects, such as Arrokoth, the probable progenitors of short-period comets,
formed and evolved at large heliocentric distances, where the ambient temperatures appear …