Summary Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), group B Streptococcus
(Streptococcus agalactiae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are host …

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are part of a complex network of interacting biochemical
pathways and as such are involved in several disease states. Dependent on site and type of …

Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading
pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate …

Streptococcus pneumoniae produces pneumolysin toxin as a key virulence factor against
host cells. Pneumolysin is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) toxin that forms lytic …

Background Severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. CAL02, a novel antitoxin agent with an …

Background This systematic review evaluates pneumolysin (PLY) as a target for new
treatments against pneumococcal infections. Pneumolysin is one of the main virulence …

For many of the most important human bacterial infections, invasive disease severity is
fueled by the cell damaging and pro-inflammatory effects of secreted pore-forming toxins …

Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in children and the elderly worldwide, accounting for
15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common …

Microvesicles (MVs) are cell-derived extracellular vesicles that have emerged as markers
and mediators of acute lung injury (ALI). One of the most common pathogens in pneumonia …

Co-infections with pathogens and secondary bacterial infections play significant roles during
the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenetic process, caused by …