Objective Evidence available to clinicians and patients to inform treatment decisions is
ideally produced by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The objective of this study was to …

Comparative effectiveness research frequently employs the instrumental variable design
since randomized trials can be infeasible for many reasons. In this study, we investigate and …

Background Days at home after surgery is a promising new patient-centred outcome metric
that measures time spent outside of healthcare institutions and mortality. The aim of this …

Background Electronic health records (EHRs) offer opportunities for comparative
effectiveness research to inform decision making. However, to provide useful evidence …

Background This study assessed the impact of the first COVID-19 wave in England on
outcomes for acute appendicitis, gallstone disease, intestinal obstruction, diverticular …

Instrumental variables are widely used in econometrics and epidemiology for identifying and
estimating causal effects when an exposure of interest is confounded by unmeasured …

Abstract Anaesthesia 2021; 76: 312-9. 12 Shelley BG, McCall PJ, Glass A, Orzechowska I,
Klein AA, the Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and collaborators. An evaluation of …

Local instrumental variable (LIV) approaches use continuous/multi‐valued instrumental
variables (IV) to generate consistent estimates of average treatment effects (ATEs) and …

Introduction Analyzing hospital-free days (HFDs) offers a patient-centered approach to
health services research. We hypothesized that, within emergency general surgery (EGS) …

Patients who require emergency laparotomy are defined as high risk if their 30‐day
predicted risk of mortality is≥ 5%. Despite a large difference in the characteristics of patients …