The rate and mechanism of protein sequence evolution have been central questions in
evolutionary biology since the 1960s. Although the rate of protein sequence evolution …

The protein folding problem was first articulated as question of how order arose from
disorder in proteins: How did the various native structures of proteins arise from interatomic …

Proper functioning of biological cells requires that the process of protein expression be
carried out with high efficiency and fidelity. Given an amino‐acid sequence of a protein …

Cellular efficiency in protein translation is an important fitness determinant in rapidly growing
organisms. It is widely believed that synonymous codons are translated with unequal …

The study of molecular evolution at the level of protein-coding genes often entails comparing
large datasets of sequences to infer their evolutionary relationships. Despite the importance …

Gene expression noise is a universal phenomenon across all life forms. Although beneficial
under certain circumstances, expression noise is generally thought to be deleterious …

In living cells, functional protein–protein interactions compete with a much larger number of
nonfunctional, or promiscuous, interactions. Several cellular properties contribute to …

The tempo and mode of protein evolution have been central questions in biology. Genomic
data have shown a strong influence of the expression level of a protein on its rate of …

The phenotypic consequence of a genetic mutation depends on many factors including the
expression level of a gene. However, a comprehensive quantification of this expression …

Impairment of RNA editing at a handful of coding sites causes severe disorders, prompting
the view that coding RNA editing is highly advantageous. Recent genomic studies have …