General anesthetics depress excitatory and/or enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission
principally by modulating the function of glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses, respectively …

In recent years, technical and procedural advances have brought functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) to the field of murine neuroscience. Due to its unique capacity to …

Size, shape, and protein corona play a key role in cellular uptake and removal mechanisms
of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The 15 nm nanoparticles (NP1), the 45 nm nanoparticles …

Inhalation anesthetics are used widely for the anesthetic management of animals. They are
unique among anesthetic drugs because they are administered, and in large part removed …

The mechanisms of volatile anesthetic action remain among the most perplexing mysteries
of medicine. Across phylogeny, volatile anesthetics selectively inhibit mitochondrial complex …

Electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve using implanted electrodes (VNS) is FDA-
approved for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, treatment-resistant depression, and …

Objective Clinical data suggest that efficacious vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is limited by
side effects such as cough and dyspnea that have stimulation thresholds lower than those …

How general anesthetics work remains a topic of ongoing study. A parallel field of research
has sought to identify methods to reverse general anesthesia. Reversal agents could …

General anesthetics are a class of drugs that target the central nervous system and are
widely used for various medical procedures. General anesthetics produce many behavioral …

General anesthetics cause a profound loss of behavioral responsiveness in all animals. In
mammals, general anesthesia is induced in part by the potentiation of endogenous sleep …