Corporate political connections (CPCs)—ties that firms forge with political actors—directly
affect firms, political actors, and various stakeholders in societies. This topic has been …

ABSTRACT The Western Balkan countries are stuck in a hybrid status quo on their way to
democracy. Traditional arguments related to cost–benefit calculations, national identity or …

Remarkably, a small fraction of firms account for most of the job and output creation in high-
income and developing countries alike. Does this imply that the path to enabling more …

What happens in the developing world when stringent regulations characterizing the
investment climate meet weak government willingness or capability to enforce those …

The social contract is the deal between the state and its citizens by which the latter agree the
rule of the former in return for deliverables Over time, the state's deliverables have evolved …

The first edition of Tunisia was released just nine months before the eruption of the Arab
Spring. The most substantial period of political unrest felt by the Arab world in a half century …

Abstract Using data for 2000–2012, the article utilizes the natural experiment of the Arab
Spring to examine its impact on the risk and returns of MENA banks. The analysis indicates …

How differing forms of repression shape the outcomes of democratic transitions In the wake
of the Arab Spring, newly empowered factions in Tunisia and Egypt vowed to work together …

This report summarizes the governance work undertaken by the World Bank in the last two
years. It provides an overview of governance activities in lending, economic and sector work …

Since the first wave of uprisings in 2011, the euphoria of the" Arab Spring" has given way to
the gloom of backlash and a descent into mayhem and war. The revolution has been …