Abstract Purpose of Review Instrumental variable (IV) methods continue to be applied to
questions ranging from genetic to social epidemiology. In the epidemiologic literature …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

The objective of the current narrative literature review is to provide an epidemiological,
developmental and clinical overview on cannabis use during pregnancy. Cannabis use in …

Intelligence and education are predictive of better physical and mental health,
socioeconomic position (SEP), and longevity. However, these associations are insufficient to …

We present a practical guide for the analysis of regression discontinuity (RD) designs in
biomedical contexts. We begin by introducing key concepts, assumptions, and estimands …

Mendelian randomization may give biased causal estimates if the instrument affects the
outcome not solely via the exposure of interest (violating the exclusion restriction …

Instrumental variable analysis uses naturally occurring variation to estimate the causal
effects of treatments, interventions, and risk factors on outcomes in the population from …

With the increasing size and number of genome-wide association studies, individual single
nucleotide polymorphisms are increasingly found to associate with multiple traits. Many …

Objective Negative control is considered an important tool to mitigate biases in
observational studies. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize current …

Background Previous studies have linked cycling with improved mental wellbeing but these
studies tend to use cross-sectional survey data that have small sample sizes and self …