In this paper, we use transaction‐level bank account data from Denmark to study the
dynamics of consumer spending during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We document that …

The growth of the availability and use of detailed household financial transaction micro data
has dramatically expanded the ability of researchers to understand both household decision …

This paper provides evidence on the impact of major epidemics from the past two decades
on income distribution. The pandemics in our sample, even though much smaller in scale …

Payments systems generate vast amounts of naturally occurring transaction data rarely used
for constructing official statistics. We consider billions of transactions from card data from a …

We provide a quantitative analysis of the trade-offs between health outcomes and the
distribution of economic outcomes associated with alternative policy responses to the …

This paper uses real-time transaction data from a large bank in Scandinavia to estimate the
effect of social distancing laws on consumer spending in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) …

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic led to a large number of studies in household finance, using
new high-frequency data in close to real time. In this article, we survey household behavior …

The top quartile of the income distribution accounts for almost half of the pandemic-related
decline in aggregate consumption, with expenditure for this group falling much more than …

Using new panel data from a representative survey of households in the six largest euro
area economies, the paper estimates the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on consumption. The …

In times of heightened uncertainty, consumers face incentives to build up precautionary
stocks of essential supplies. We study consumer spending dynamics during one such time …