According to emerging studies, the excessive activation of microglia and the subsequent
release of pro-inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis and …

Protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron dyshomeostasis, increased oxidative
damage and inflammation are pathognomonic features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and …

Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous
system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1 …

The clinical translation of therapeutic approaches to combat debilitating neurodegenerative
conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), remains as an urgent unmet challenge. The …

The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are manifested as an increase in the
level of oxidative stress and aggregation of the amyloid-β protein. In vitro, in vivo, and in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
worldwide. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the whole …

The escalating prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) underscores the need for innovative
therapeutic interventions since current palliative measures, including the standard l-Dopa …

Development of efficient multitargeted therapeutic strategies is crucial in facing the
multifaceted nature of neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) and …

Despite the distinction between ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, they
share numerous pathophysiologies particularly those mediated by inflammation and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction,
which can also be associated with non‐motor symptoms. Its pathogenesis is thought to stem …