Secretory IgA has long been a divisive molecule. Some immunologists point to the mild
phenotype of IgA deficiency to justify ignoring it, while some consider its abundance and …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often considered the prototype of autoimmune
diseases, is characterized by over-activation of the autoimmune system with abnormal …

Colonization by the microbiota causes a marked stimulation of B cells and induction of
immunoglobulin, but mammals colonized with many taxa have highly complex and …

Over the past several decades, B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-induced signaling pathways
have been described in extraordinary molecular detail, mainly from studies of B cell …

Gut commensals help shape and mold host immune system and deeply influence human
health. The disease spectrum of mankind that gut microbiome may associate with is ever …

Although maternal antibodies protect newborn babies from infection,, little is known about
how protective antibodies are induced without prior pathogen exposure. Here we show that …

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved
with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Although the influence of the gut microbiota on …

Intestinal microecology is the main component of human microecology. Intestinal
microecology consists of intestinal microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and intestinal …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease featuring enhanced
expression of type I interferon (IFN) and autoantibody production triggering inflammation of …

Complex host–microbiota interactions contribute to systemic autoimmunity outside the gut.
On a molecular level, posttranslational modification of, and cross-reactivity with …