Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly …

Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused drugs. Although environmental and genetic
factors contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorders, it is ethanol's actions in the brain …

Among the neurotransmitters involved in addiction, dopamine (DA) is clearly the best known.
The critical role of DA in addiction is supported by converging evidence that has been …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) exacts enormous personal, social and economic costs globally.
Return to alcohol use in treatment-seeking patients with AUD is common, engendered by a …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Addiction involves a predominance of habitual control mediated through action selection
processes in dorsal striatum. Research has largely focused on neural mechanisms …

In the present study, we used a mouse model of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure
to examine how CIE alters the plasticity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In acute …

A complex relationship exists between alcohol-drinking behavior and stress. Alcohol has
anxiety-reducing properties and can relieve stress, while at the same time acting as a …

Ethanol (EtOH) has effects on numerous cellular molecular targets, and alterations in
synaptic function are prominent among these effects. Acute exposure to EtOH activates or …

Adolescence represents a particularly vulnerable period during which exposure to stressors
can precipitate the onset of psychiatric disorders and addiction. The basolateral amygdala …