In this review, we discuss the successes and challenges of the atomistic modeling of
photoreceptors. Throughout our presentation, we integrate explanations of the primary …

Phytochromes are ubiquitous photoreceptors responsible for sensing light in plants, fungi
and bacteria. Their photoactivation is initiated by the photoisomerization of the embedded …

Bacteriophytochromes (BphPs) are photoreceptors that regulate a wide range of biological
mechanisms via red light–absorbing (Pr)–to–far-red light–absorbing (Pfr) reversible …

Phycobilisomes (PBs) are giant antenna supercomplexes of cyanobacteria that use
phycobilin pigments to capture sunlight and transfer the collected energy to membrane …

Bacteriophytochromes are light-sensing biological machines that switch between two
photoreversible states, Pr and Pfr. Their relative stability is opposite in canonical and bathy …

The photoisomerization mechanism of the chromophore of bacterial biliverdin (BV)
phytochromes is explored via nonadiabatic dynamics simulation by using the on-the-fly …

Phytochromes are biological red/far-red light sensors found in many organisms. The
connection between photoconversion and the cellular output signal involves light-mediated …

Photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes harvest solar energy with a high quantum
efficiency. Protein scaffolds are known to tune the spectral properties of embedded pigments …

We report that the photoinduced dynamics of the phytochrome chromophore is strongly
dependent on the protonation/deprotonation states of the pyrrole ring. The on-the-fly surface …

The ability of phytochromes to act as photoswitches in plants and microorganisms depends
on interactions between a bilin-like chromophore and a host protein. The interconversion …