Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer, produced endogenously by the human body,
which has unique physicochemical and biological properties, exhibiting desirable …

CD44, a non-kinase cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, has been widely implicated
as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. Cells overexpressing CD44 possess …

Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in
pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their …

Cancer cells resistance to various therapies remains to be a key challenge nowadays. For a
long time, scientists focused on tumor cells themselves for the mechanisms of acquired drug …

Simple Summary Tumor stroma is known to significantly influence cancer initiation and
progression. In the last decade, 3D cell cultures have shown potential in modeling the tumor …

Pancreatic cancer exhibits a unique bioarchitecture and desmoplastic cancer-stoma
interplay that governs disease progression, multi-resistance, and metastasis. Emulating the …

Simple Summary The extensive array of applications in 3D culture models closely mimics
the precise physiological conditions of in vivo settings, enabling the investigation of …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an essential component of the tumour
microenvironment. They represent a heterogeneous group of cells that are under the control …

Simple Summary The extracellular matrix has a complex structure, and the glycans within
are difficult to study, but are able to elicit multiple effects on resident and immune cells, with …

Hydrogels with dynamically tunable crosslinking are invaluable for directing stem cell fate
and mimicking a stiffening matrix during fibrosis or tumor development. The increases in …