Serum osmolality is the sum of the osmolalities of every single dissolved particle in the blood
such as sodium and associated anions, potassium, glucose, and urea. Under normal …

Ethylene glycol poisoning, while uncommon, is clinically significant due to the associated
risk of severe morbidity or lethality and it continues to occur in many countries around the …

Background Patients ingesting ethylene glycol, isopropanol, methanol, and propylene glycol
('toxic alcohols') often present with non-specific signs and symptoms. Definitive diagnosis of …

A rapid headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) method was developed for the analysis of
ethylene glycol and propylene glycol in plasma and serum specimens using 1, 3 …

Peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis are responses to the uremic milieu and exposure to
hyperosmolar dialysis fluids in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Cells respond to high …

Background The osmolal gap has been used for decades to screen for exposure to toxic
alcohols. However, several issues may affect its reliability. We aimed to develop equations …

Aim: There is no data on osmol gap (OG) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) by stage and
limited data on OG in adults on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We aimed to examine the …

A rise in osmotic concentration (osmolarity) activates the transcription factor Nuclear Factor
of Activated T Cells 5 (NFAT5, also known as Tonicity‐responsive Enhancer Binding Protein …

Osmolality is an expression of the number of particles in a given weight of solvent (mOsm).
Measured osmolality is determined by the osmometer, and calculated osmolality is …

A 62-year-old white man presented to the emergency department with profound abdominal
pain. He had end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetic nephropathy and had …