Focusing on how a world of possibilities is opened up by language learners themselves,
imagination has been regarded as an elusive but indispensable element in second …

Abstract The Central Asian republics represent an interesting yet little-studied space for
researching the interplay between language learning motivation (LLM), multiculturalism, and …

In recent years, the importance of developing intercultural communicative competence (ICC)
has gained significant traction. Since language teachers are expected to play a crucial role …

The importance of English communication skills has increased with globalization, and
governments in various countries have encouraged students to go abroad. However, the …

The L2 motivation self system (L2MSS) has been extensively researched in a variety of
contexts, but few studies have delved into its relationship with international posture and the …

This mixed-methods study examines how Informal Digital Learning of Korean (IDL-K) affects
willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC). Data were collected from 221 …

Motivation has been recognized as a vital component in successfully learning a second or
foreign language. However, research on language learners' motivation in a study abroad …

How do some language learners triumph against all odds, despite not having obvious
heritage links or spending extended periods of time in the L2 environment pre-adulthood …

Background English is a global language used to communicate with members of the
international community. Self-efficacy in learning English is an important factor that is …

English education in Japan has traditionally focused on grammar over communication, and
the country has struggled to compete internationally in terms of English proficiency scores …