Chocolate under threat from old and new cacao diseases

JP Marelli, DI Guest, BA Bailey, HC Evans… - …, 2019 - Am Phytopath Society
Theobroma cacao, the source of chocolate, is affected by destructive diseases wherever it is
grown. Some diseases are endemic; however, as cacao was disseminated from the Amazon …

Phytophthora palmivora–Cocoa Interaction

F Perrine-Walker - Journal of Fungi, 2020 - mdpi.com
Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) is an hemibiotrophic oomycete capable of infecting over
200 plant species including one of the most economically important crops, Theobroma …

Daily consumption of chocolate rich in flavonoids decreases cellular genotoxicity and improves biochemical parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism

A Leyva-Soto, RA Chavez-Santoscoy, LR Lara-Jacobo… - Molecules, 2018 - mdpi.com
In recent years, the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, obesity, and
diabetes has increased largely worldwide. In the present work, we evaluated the …

Phytophthora theobromicola sp. nov.: A New Species Causing Black Pod Disease on Cacao in Brazil

J Decloquement, R Ramos-Sobrinho, SG Elias… - Frontiers in …, 2021 - frontiersin.org
Black pod disease, caused by Phytophthora species, is among the main limiting factors of
cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) production. High incidence levels of black pod disease have …

The history of cacao and its diseases in the Americas

JR Díaz-Valderrama, ST Leiva-Espinoza… - Phytopathology …, 2020 - Am Phytopath Society
Cacao is a commodity crop from the tropics cultivated by about 6 million smallholder
farmers. The tree, Theobroma cacao, originated in the Upper Amazon where it was …

SNP markers associated with resistance to frosty pod and black pod rot diseases in an F1 population of Theobroma cacao L.

OA Gutiérrez, AS Puig, W Phillips-Mora… - Tree Genetics & …, 2021 - Springer
Economically, cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a major tropical commodity for the Americas;
however, severe losses due to Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. and Par.), which causes frosty pod …

Field testing an oil-based Trichoderma asperellum formulation for the biological control of cacao black pod disease, caused by Phytophthora megakarya

JB Mbarga, BAD Begoude, Z Ambang, M Meboma… - Crop protection, 2020 - Elsevier
Cacao black pod rot (BPR), caused by Phytophthora megakarya is the most important cacao
disease in Cameroon. Biocontrol of this disease using an oil-based formulation of …

Cacao pod transcriptome profiling of seven genotypes identifies features associated with post-penetration resistance to Phytophthora palmivora

IK Baruah, J Shao, SS Ali, ME Schmidt… - Scientific Reports, 2024 - nature.com
The oomycete Phytophthora palmivora infects the fruit of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao)
causing black pod rot and reducing yields. Cacao genotypes vary in their resistance levels …

Uncovering a Complex Virome Associated with the Cacao Pathogens Ceratocystis cacaofunesta and Ceratocystis fimbriata

RBA Espinal, SF de Santana, VC Santos, GNR Lizardo… - Pathogens, 2023 - mdpi.com
Theobroma cacao is one of the main crops of economic importance in the world as the
source of raw material for producing chocolate and derivatives. The crop is the main source …

Resistant and susceptible cacao genotypes exhibit defense gene polymorphism and unique early responses to Phytophthora megakarya inoculation

DN Pokou, AS Fister, N Winters, M Tahi… - Plant molecular …, 2019 - Springer
Key message Key genes potentially involved in cacao disease resistance were identified by
transcriptomic analysis of important cacao cultivars. Defense gene polymorphisms were …