Antibacterial agents target the products of essential genes but rarely achieve complete
target inhibition. Thus, the all-or-none definition of essentiality afforded by traditional genetic …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to represent a
global health emergency as a highly transmissible, airborne virus. An important coronaviral …

The evolution of protein-coding genes is usually driven by selective processes, which favor
some evolutionary trajectories over others, optimizing the subsequent protein stability and …

Bacteria have highly flexible pangenomes, which are thought to facilitate evolutionary
responses to environmental change, but the impacts of environmental stress on pangenome …

Transcriptional regulation is a critical adaptive mechanism that allows bacteria to respond to
changing environments, yet the concept of transcriptional plasticity (TP)–the variability of …

Genetic differences between different Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains
determine their ability to transmit within different host populations, their latency times, and …

Helicobacter pylori is a common component of the human stomach microbiota, possibly
dating back to the speciation of Homo sapiens. A history of pathogen evolution in allopatry …

Antimicrobial resistance in enteric or urinary Escherichia coli is a risk factor for invasive E.
coli infections. Due to widespread trimethoprim resistance amongst urinary E. coli and …

Strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) Beijing family aroused concern
because they were often found in clusters and appeared to be exceptionally transmissible …

A variety of antiviral treatments for COVID-19 have been investigated, involving many
repurposed drugs. Currently, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp …