To learn to read, the brain must repurpose neural systems for oral language and visual
processing to mediate written language. We begin with a description of computational …

Reading acquisition reorganizes existing brain networks for speech and visual processing to
form novel audio-visual language representations. This requires substantial cortical …

Understanding encoded language, such as written words, requires multiple cognitive
processes that act in a parallel and interactive fashion. These processes and their …

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an atypical activation of posterior left-
hemisphere brain reading networks (ie, temporo-occipital and temporo-parietal regions) and …

Emerging evidence suggests that the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation
(tDCS) and reading training may provide promising benefits for dyslexia; however, the …

Children show an enormous capacity to learn during development, but with large individual
differences in the time course and trajectory of learning and the achieved skill level. Recent …

Learning audio-visual associations is foundational to a number of real-world skills, such as
reading acquisition or social communication. Characterizing individual differences in such …

Objectives The mental parsing of linguistic hierarchy is crucial for language comprehension,
and while there is growing interest in the cortical tracking of auditory speech, the …

Phonological awareness (PA) training is a core intervention in dyslexia. Recently,
transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been probed as a complementary …

Expert reading acquisition is marked by fluent, effortless decoding, and adequate
comprehension skills and is required for modern daily life. In spite of its importance, many …