Humans harbor nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria, which in terms of numbers, represents
around ten times more microbial cells than eukaryotic cells. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract …

Important metabolic functions have been identified for the gut microbiota in health and
disease. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for the gut microbiota in both the etiology …

Objectives: Breath tests (BTs) are important for the diagnosis of carbohydrate maldigestion
syndromes and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). However, standardization is …

Bacterial infections are an important complication of cirrhosis, particularly in hospitalized
patients. In this article we review the prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of bacterial …

Accumulating evidence supports that gut dysbiosis may relate to various liver diseases.
Alcoholics with high intestinal permeability had a decrease in the abundance of …

Background The symptoms and signs of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are
often identical to a variety of diseases and can lead to diagnostic confusion. Aims To review …

Obesity-related insulin resistance is driven by low-grade chronic inflammation of metabolic
tissues. In the liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with hepatic …

Background A growing number of studies seem to suggest that small intestinal bacterial
overgrowth (SIBO) is a common clinical problem. Although various techniques are available …

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by an excessive amount of
bacteria in the small intestine and a constellation of symptoms that include bloating, pain …

Ammonia, a key factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), is
predominantly derived from urea breakdown by urease producing large intestinal bacteria …