There is little understanding of how documented ethnic disparities in sentencing outcomes
in England and Wales come to be and, consequently, how to address them. We argue that …

Considers, using statistics from the Crown Court Sentencing Survey, the extent to which
gender disparities are evident in the sentences imposed for burglary, assault and drug …

Most research in sentencing discrimination in the United Kingdom has relied on aggregate
analyses comparing disparities by ethnic group. These studies fail to consider differences in …

Little is known about how alcohol intoxication impacts sentence outcomes. This study
assesses whether intoxication differentially aggravates sentence outcomes for male and …

The 'England and Wales Sentencing Guidelines' aim to promote consistency by organizing
the sentencing process as a sequence of steps, with initial judicial assessments …

The 'totality principle'in law aims to show mercy to offenders in multiple-offence (MO) cases
and retain ordinal proportionality in punishing those who commit different categories of …

Personal mitigating factors (PMFs) such as good character, remorse and addressing
addiction help sentencers evaluate an offender's past, present and future behavior. We …

Although it has long been acknowledged that heuristics influence judicial decision making,
researchers have yet to explore how sentencing guidelines might interact with heuristics to …

as scholars of alcohol and other drugs we should be concerned with the ongoing
development of criminal justice policy and the narratives it reinforces about the nature of the …

Scholars have argued that otherwise law-abiding citizens who have “lapsed” and committed
a crime deserve leniency. This is referred to as the lapse theory. The discussions, however …