The incidence of neurodegenerative disease like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's
disease (AD) increases dramatically with age; only a small percentage is directly related to …

Risk assessment is a process often divided into the following steps: a) hazard identification,
b) dose-response assessment, c) exposure assessment, and d) risk characterization …

The prion protein is a highly conserved glycoprotein expressed most highly in the synapse.
Evidence has recently been put forward to suggest that the prion protein is an antioxidant …

The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is currently used as a marker of inflammation
and gliosis following brain injury. Previous reports suggest that elevated PBR levels in …

This is the report of the first workshop on Incorporating In Vitro Alternative Methods for
Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) Testing into International Hazard and Risk Assessment …

Microglia do not constitute a single, uniform cell population, but rather comprise cells with
varied phenotypes, some which are beneficial and others that may require active regulatory …

Microglial cells react early to a neurotoxic insult. However, the bioactive factors and the cell‐
cell interactions leading to microglial activation and finally to a neuroprotective or …

The neurotoxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) is well documented in both humans and
animals. MeHg causes acute and chronic damage to multiple organs, most profoundly the …

As the two major glial cell types in the brain, astrocytes and microglia play pivotal but
different roles in maintaining optimal brain function. Although both cell types have been …

Neurotoxicants with similar structural features or common mechanisms of chemical action
frequently produce widely divergent neuropathologic outcomes. Methylmercury (MeHg) …