Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and
nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the …

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza, with
strong antioxidant effects. Recent findings have shown that Sal B has anti-inflammatory, anti …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains an incurable disease and lacks efficient diagnostic
methods. Most AD treatments have focused on amyloid-β (Aβ) targeted therapy; however, it …

Several pharmacological agents acting on monoamine neurotransmission are used for the
management of mental illnesses. Regulation of PI3K/AKT and GSK3 pathways may …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver pathologies and is
associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, which represents a range of fatty liver …

Guanosine is a purine nucleoside with important functions in cell metabolism and a
protective role in response to degenerative diseases or injury. The past decade has seen …

The cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury may leads to morbidity and mortality in patients.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been believed to work in …

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a key role in cell adaptation to stressors through the
antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of its metabolic products. For …

Guanosine (GUO) is an endogenous modulator of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and has been
shown to promote neuroprotection in in vivo and in vitro models of neurotoxicity. This study …

Guanosine is a purine nucleoside thought to have neuroprotective properties. It is released
in the brain under physiological conditions and even more during pathological events …