Although it is rarely considered so in modern developmental biology, morphogenesis is
fundamentally a biomechanical process, and this is especially true of one of the first major …

Epithelial invagination is a fundamental module of morphogenesis that iteratively occurs to
generate the architecture of many parts of a developing organism. By changing the physical …

The forces that drive sea urchin primary invagination remain mysterious. To solve this
mystery we have developed a set of finite element simulations that test five hypothesized …

Generation of tissue curvature is essential to morphogenesis. However, how cells adapt to
changing curvature is still unknown because tools to dynamically control curvature in vitro …

Epithelial invagination, a basic morphogenetic process reiterated throughout embryonic
development, generates tubular structures such as the neural tube, or pitlike structures such …

Computer simulations showed that the elastic modulus of the cell layer relative to the elastic
modulus of the extracellular layers predicted the effectiveness of different force-generating …

Previous lineage tracing experiments have shown that the vegetal blastomeres of cleavage
stage embryos give rise to all the mesoderm and endoderm of the sea urchin larva. In these …

Branched epithelia determine the anatomy of many mammalian organs; understanding how
they develop is therefore an important element of understanding organogenesis as a whole …

Echinoderms are a phylum of invertebrate deuterostomes that are morphologically
characterized by a fivefold (pentameric) symmetric adult body plan. There are five extant …

By screening for mutations that perturb the invagination of the vulva of the Caenorhabditis
elegans hermaphrodite, we have isolated 25 mutations that define eight genes. We have …